ÐÏࡱá>þÿ fhþÿÿÿeÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥Á€ ðR¿:Nbjbjúú2TuuM-
ÿÿÿÿÿÿ·‚‚ËËËËËÿÿÿÿßßß8TkßFOl‡‡‡‡‡»»»ÅNÇNÇNÇNÇNÇNÇN²P¢TS:ÇN9Ë»»»»»ÇNˡ‡4O»ŠË‡Ë‡ÅN»ÅN‡ÿÿÿÿ3Ó¹xtÓßE^±NO0FOŽS£RŽSx1ŽSËùK¸»»»»»»»ÇNÇNõŒ»»»FO»»»»ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿŽS»»»»»»»»»‚‘: Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly
Volume 46, Issue 5, October 2017
1. Title: The Heterogeneity of Competitive Forces: The Impact of Competition for Resources on United Way Fundraising.
Authors: Laurie E. Paarlberg, Hyunseok Hwang.
Abstract: How does competition for resources affect the fundraising performance of local United Way (UW) affiliates? Drawing upon population ecology, we hypothesize a nonlinear relationship between competition and organizational performance. Using a 21-year panel data set that includes UW campaign data, contributions to specialized fundraising organizations, and contributions to the general population of nonprofit organizations, we estimate a fixed effects regression model. We find that the effect of competition differs depending upon the degree of niche overlap. Contributions to organizations with greatest niche overlap have a negative effect on contributions to local UWs. Consistent with population ecology, other types of fundraising organizations that have less niche overlap show beneficial relationships at certain levels of giving. However, few communities reach the philanthropic level at which benefits of competition occur.
2. Title: Benefits and Drivers of Nonprofit Revenue Concentration0
Authors: Georg von Schnurbein, Tizian M. Fritz.
Abstract: Nonprofit organizations (NPO) rely on a diverse mix of revenue sources. The existing literature mainly supports diversification among different revenue sources as desirable because it enables organizational stability. Using a new data set of over 200 Swiss fundraising charities, we prove the opposite to be true: organizations that displayed a higher degree of revenue concentration grew stronger between 2005 and 2012. We identify factors influencing the organization’s capital and revenue structure. These factors can be divided into “nature” and “nurture” factors, which allows us to demonstrate which of them may be actively influenced by an organization’s management and which stem from conditions of the organization that cannot be readily overcome by managerial interventions (such as age, size, and legal form). Revenue concentration is positively influenced both by an organization’s geographical range of activity and dependence on its primary revenue source, and negatively influenced by board size and diversity.
3. Title: Does Charity Begin at Home or Overseas?
Authors: Stephen Knowles, Trudy Sullivan.
Abstract: We conducted a field experiment to find out whether a sample of the New Zealand general public preferred to give money to World Vision, an international development charity, or the Salvation Army, a local charity helping families in need. The majority of participants revealed a preference for giving to the local charity, rather than the international development charity. Participants were given the option of commenting on why they chose the charity they did, and we analyze these responses. We also analyze whether participants’ individual characteristics are correlated with the choice of charity.
Keywords.
4. Title: Associational Capital and Adult Charitable Giving: A Canadian Examination.
Authors: Belayet Hossain, Laura Lamb.
Abstract: This article examines the relationship between associational capital, developed through participation in social networks, and charitable giving behavior in Canada. Empirical models are specified to determine whether a relationship exists between associational capital, formed in youth and adulthood, and secular and religious donation expenditures in adulthood. Tobit regression models are estimated using data from the 2010 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP). The results suggest that the formation of associational capital in youth and adulthood is related to larger donation expenditures, although the source of associational capital and the type of recipient organization matters. It is also found that those who participate in a variety of associations are more likely to make larger donations than those who participate in fewer types of associations. The results provide further insight into charitable giving behavior and have policy implications for public and nonprofit sectors concerned with increasing charitable donations.
5. Title: Charitable Giving in Nonprofit Service Associations: Identities, Incentives, and Gender Differences.
Authors: Heng Qu, Richard Steinberg.
Abstract: Nonprofit service associations, such as the Lions Clubs, Rotaries, and Kiwanis, provide collective goods. Membership in a service association involves two essential elements: members’ shared interest in the club’s charitable service and private benefits stemming from social interactions with other members, such as networking, fellowship, and fun. We report results from a laboratory experiment designed to test the effect of membership and priming on charitable giving. The two experimental conditions activate chains of associative memory linked to the service or socializing aspects of membership. We find that female subjects give significantly smaller donations after receiving the socializing stimulus. Male subjects are less sensitive to our experimental conditions, giving slightly more in the socializing condition, but the differences are not statistically significant. We discuss three mechanisms that may explain our results: social identity theory, reputation and image motivations, and quality inference.
6. Title: Young Adult Propensity to Join Voluntary Associations: The Role of Civic Engagement and Motivations
Authors: Ana Lanero, José Luis Vázquez, Pablo Gutiérrez.
Abstract: Based on a self-selection perspective, this study analyzes the relation between personal civic engagement and the willingness to join a voluntary association by considering the mediating role of motivations. Four factors of civic engagement are considered: civic duty, civic skills, social connection, and civic participation; in addition, three motivations are considered: instrumental, expressive, and career-related. The proposed model is tested using a survey of 408 Spanish young adults with no previous experience as members of any association. The analytical technique used is partial least squares. The findings point that instrumental motivation is the main vehicle to translate the four factors of civic engagement into associational involvement, whereas expressive motivation represents a secondary mediator in the effects of civic duty and social connection. Career-related motivation is not associated with the willingness to join a voluntary association. Implications for the recruitment and retention of young adults in voluntary associations are discussed.
7. Title: Measured Societal Value and Its Impact on Donations and Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility: An Experimental Approach.
Authors: Seung Pil Lee, Kathy Babiak.
Abstract: Collaborations between nonprofits and corporations aim to serve both social and commercial goals. This study posits that social sponsorships can increase donations to nonprofits and simultaneously benefit corporations by communicating signals of measured societal value. Studies 1 and 2 provide evidence that communication of measured societal value, endorsed by a credible source, can increase willingness to donate to nonprofits through individuals’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility. Study 3 generalizes these findings, simultaneously showing that communication of measured societal value can reduce perceptions of hypocrisy toward corporations. It also examines the underlying mechanism of these results by investigating the serial mediation effects of corporate social responsibility perception and functional fit in the causal relationships from measured societal value to both increased willingness to donate to nonprofits and reduced perceptions of corporate hypocrisy. Furthermore, the work demonstrates that these effects are due to communication of measurement, not the source of the communication.
8. Title: Nonprofit Resource Contribution and Mission Alignment in Interorganizational, Cross-Sector Public Health Networks
Authors: Carrie L. Chapman, Danielle M. Varda.
Abstract: Given the complexity of today’s social and political dilemmas, a common method of program and policy implementation is surfacing in the form of interorganizational, cross-sector goal-directed networks. This article applies the “Core Dimensions of Connectivity” framework to analyze how the increasing inclusion of nonprofit organizations in public health goal-directed interorganizational networks is associated with goal achievement. Variables related to sector-based resource contributions and mission alignment were analyzed in their relation to outcomes in 177 networks. The findings indicate that significant differences exist across sectors. Compared to public and for-profit organizations, nonprofit organizations bring a greater number and diversity of resources to public health networks, and are perceived by their public and for-profit partners as having the strongest support of the network’s mission. We also find that resource contributions and mission alignment affect outcome achievement. This article discusses practical challenges networks face and informs techniques for effectively managing interorganizational goal-directed networks.
9. Title: Nonprofit Pay in a Competitive Market: Wage Penalty or Premium?
Authors: Christian King, Gregory B. Lewis.
Abstract: Two competing theories argue that the nonprofit sector pays differently: Nonprofit employees may accept lower pay to be able to do meaningful work for a good cause, or they may earn higher pay due to nonprofit organizations’ tax exemptions and weaker incentives to hold down wages. To test these opposing expectations, we use the 2005-2013 American Community Surveys to examine pay differences among registered nurses working for nonprofit, for-profit, and public hospitals. We also test hypotheses that public and nonprofit hospitals have smaller pay disparities by gender, race, and relationship status. We find that pay is highest in nonprofit hospitals, partly because they attract better-educated and more experienced nurses, but partly because they pay comparable nurses more than for-profit hospitals do. Furthermore, contrary to expectations, pay disparities appear to be largest in nonprofit hospitals.
10. Title: The Role of Formal Third-Party Endorsements and Informal Self-Proclaiming Signals in Nonprofit Reputation Building
Authors: Jurgen Willems, Carolin J. Waldner, Yasemin I. Dere.
Abstract: In this study, we experimentally test the impact of a formal signal (a third-party certificate) and an informal signal (self-proclaimed management quality with respect to social entrepreneurship) on stakeholder supportive intentions and perceived organizational effectiveness. Our study confirms the social entrepreneurship advantage, but we find no proof of a convincing effect from the formal signal. However, complementary analyses and additional testing of control variables add new perspectives on the relative importance of the social entrepreneurship advantage and on potential moderators that could better explain in future studies the varying effects and specific contextual elements that influence formal and informal reputation-building signals.
()02:;=DGHIJKMVíÜʹʨʖ‡veQI<.hÌ"èhU<¬5OJQJ^Jh·uD5OJQJ^Jo(hÌ"èhÌ"èo(&hÌ"èhÌ"è5CJOJQJ^JaJo( hnnm5CJOJQJ^JaJo( hUL5CJOJQJ^JaJo(h
2e5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h@Xh@X5CJOJQJ^JaJ h®;5CJOJQJ^JaJo( h@X5CJOJQJ^JaJo(#hÌ"èhÌ"è5CJOJQJ^JaJ h®;5CJOJQJ^JaJo(#h®;h®;5CJOJQJ^JaJ)JKLÂð>
@
Æ
R|áâìíBh›œ÷÷òíííèèãããèÞÞÙÙÙèÔÔÔÏÊgdÐpsgd)w¤gd$?Ãgd®;gdToŸgdßl$gd%j,gdU<¬gdÌ"è$a$gdt4VÁÂÊËîïðùú<
>
@
B
F
R
T
Â
Ä
Æ
Ö
Ø
ñäÖËñ¾±Ö£–ˆ}pÖbpñUEbpñ¾EbhvI¼hßl$5OJQJ^Jo(h®;5OJQJ^Jo(hßl$hßl$5OJQJ^Jhßl$5OJQJ^Jo(hjŒ5OJQJo(hiht4OJQJ^Jo(h®;h®;OJQJ^JhihjŒOJQJ^Jo(ht45OJQJ^Jo(h@X5OJQJ^Jo(hicy5OJQJ^JhÌ"èhU<¬5OJQJ^JhjŒ5OJQJ^Jo(h®;h®;5OJQJ^J !"#)*QRZ[z{|…†êëìíîñäÖ˾°©›¾}›¾p}›bäWJË=hs/Ê5OJQJ^Jo(hihaNOJQJ^Jh®;OJQJ^Jo(h»)hToŸOJQJ^Jo(h@X5OJQJ^Jo(hvI¼hToŸ5OJQJ^Jo(h®;h®;5OJQJ^JhToŸhToŸ5OJQJ^JhToŸhToŸhÌ"èhÒ`Œ5OJQJ^JhToŸ5OJQJ^Jo(h%j,5OJQJo(hihU<¬OJQJ^Jo(h®;h®;OJQJ^Jhihßl$OJQJ^Jo(îðö÷@ABJKfghqrš›œŸ¥¦
ñãÖÈ»«ãÖÈž«ãƒuj]OA]È»hÐpshÐps5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JhÐps5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h%j,OJQJ^Jo(h®;h®;OJQJ^Jh»)h$?ÃOJQJ^Jo(h@X5OJQJ^Jo(hvI¼h$?Ã5OJQJ^Jo(h®;5OJQJ^Jo(h®;h®;5OJQJ^Jh$?Ã5OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh$?Ã5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh%j,5OJQJ^J
./09:5678:@A¤ñãÖÈ»«‚ti\N@\2h^h^5OJQJ^Jhr7Ahr7A5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^Jhr7A5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h®;h®;OJQJ^Jh}Onh)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h@X5OJQJ^Jo(h®;h®;5OJQJ^JhÐps5OJQJ^Jo(hÐpshÐps5OJQJ^JhvI¼hÐps5OJQJ^J067¥Þ##¥#Ë#8(9(µ(ä(q-r-¼-ç-1‚12>2=5>5LLúõõððõõëëõõææõõááõõÜÜõõ×õgd[gdÿ_gdLz¥gd)ggd|ÿgdr7Agd)w¤gdÐps¤¥®ÜÝÞçè#######$#£#¤#ñãÕǺªœŽsh[M?[Ç2h^5OJQJ^Jo(h|ÿh|ÿ5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^Jh|ÿ5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h^h^OJQJ^Jh}Onh)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h@X5OJQJ^Jo(h^h^5OJQJ^JhvI¼hvI¼5OJQJ^Jhr7Ahr7A5OJQJ^JhvI¼hr7A5OJQJ^J¤#¥#®#É#Ê#Ë#Ô#Õ#(7(8(9(:(<(B(C(´(µ(½(¾(â(ñãÕȸªœ…wl_QC_Õ5C_ÕhvI¼h)g5OJQJ^Jh)gh)g5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^Jh)g5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(h^h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h^OJQJ^Jh^h^OJQJ^Jh}Onh)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h^5OJQJ^Jo(h^h^5OJQJ^Jh|ÿh|ÿ5OJQJ^JhvI¼h|ÿ5OJQJ^Jâ(ã(ä(í(î(p-q-r-s-u-{-|-»-¼-Å-å-æ-ç-ð-ñ-€11‚1„1†1Œ1óãÕǺ¬¡”†xk]Ox]óãÕǺ¬¡”†Ahÿ_hÿ_5OJQJ^JhvI¼hLz¥5OJQJ^Jh^h^5OJQJ^JhLz¥5OJQJ^Jo(hLz¥hLz¥5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JhR5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h^h^OJQJ^Jhih)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h@X5OJQJ^Jo(Œ11ÿ12 2<2=2>2G2H2<5=56L
LLLLLóå×É弬žƒugeZOZD7hóSå5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(há3q5OJQJo(h[5OJQJo(UhvI¼hv¶OJQJ^Jo(h}Onh)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h^h^OJQJ^Jhih)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(há3q5OJQJ^Jo(hÿ_hÿ_5OJQJ^JhvI¼hÿ_5OJQJ^Jh^h^5OJQJ^Jhÿ_5OJQJ^Jo(åNN/ffNÄ‹ÿ
11. Title: Ghost of Organizations Past: Communities of Organizations as Settings for Change by Ryan, D.
Authors: Putnam Barber
Abstract: The article reviews the book Ghost of Organizations Past: Communities of Organizations as Settings for Change, by Ryan, D.
LL$L&LÞLàLðLòLMM M"MNNN N$N&N*N,N0N2N8N:NñãÖȺã¬ÈœŽ€seWOKOKOKOKWho8Èjho8ÈUhj<hj<5OJQJo(h[h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h^h^OJQJ^Jh}Onh)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^Jh[h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h[h[5OJQJ^Jh[hóSå5OJQJ^Jh^h^5OJQJ^JhóSå5OJQJ^Jo(hóSåhóSå5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JLàLMNN"N$N(N*N.N0N4N6N8N:Núúõõðîðîðîðîîõgd°gd)w¤gdóSå0182P°‚. °ÆA!°"°# $ %°°S°à©b2ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð2(Øè 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€8XøV~PJ_HmH nHsH tHJ`ñÿJck‡e$1$a$ CJKH_HaJmH nHsH tH$A òÿ¡$Øž¤‹µk=„W[SOBióÿ³BnfhˆƒØÍ3¿\`õ?ê/ç[ج¶Géâ\Ä!ý-ÛRk.“sþÔ»..—·´aæ¿?ÿÿPK!¥Ö§çÀ6_rels/.rels„ÏjÃ0‡ï…½ƒÑ}QÒÃ%v/¥C/£}á(h"ÛëÛOÇ
»„¤ï÷©=þ®‹ùá”ç šªÃâC?Ëháv=¿‚É…¤§%[xp†£{Ûµ_¼PÑ£<Í1¥H¶0•ˆÙO¼R®BdÑÉÒJEÛ4b$§‘q_טžà6LÓõR×7`®¨Éÿ³Ã0ÌžOÁ¯,åEn7”Liäb¡¨/ãS½¨eªÔе¸ùÖýÿÿPK!ky–ƒŠtheme/theme/themeManager.xmlÌM
à @á}¡wÙ7c»(Eb²Ë®»öCœAÇ ÒŸÛ×åãƒ7ÎßÕ›K
Y,œ
ŠeÍ.ˆ·ð|,§¨ÚHÅ,láÇæéxÉ´ßIÈsQ}#Õ…µÝ Öµ+Õ!ï,Ý^¹$j=‹GWèÓ÷)âEë+&
8ýÿÿPK!ÇmœQtheme/theme/theme1.xmlìYMoE¾#ñF{oc'vGuªØ±hÓF±[Ôãx=Þzvg53NêjHHˆ‚z â•Z $ʯI)*Eê_à™ÝõN¼&IAõ!ñÎ>ï÷Ǽ3¾xéNÄÐ>’ò¸éUÏWL0”Č߫§ß¿zúÞ}rx÷§Ã{÷ïþh9TÛ8ŠT/¿ýìχ£?ýòþåxYÄÿöÃ'Ï~ý¼å3Sçù—~òèùƒO_|w¿¾)ð ïÓˆHt =aÆ+®æd NGÑ1-RlÆÄ1ÖRJøwTè ¯M1K£ãèÑ"®o
heÀ˓ێ½PL-‘|%Œàç¬ÅE©®hY7÷'qP.\LŠ¸=Œ÷Ëd·qìÄ·3I ofiéÞ‰£æ.ñ‰‰BúRbÝ-J¿îP_pÉG
Ý¢¨…i©KútàdÓŒh›F—i™ÍoÇ7;7Q‹³2«·È¾‹„ªÀ¬Dù>aŽ/ã‰ÂQË>ŽXÑáW±
Ë”ìM…_Äu¤‚H„qÔ)Ëh®°·ô+:ViØwØ4r‘BÑqÏ«˜ó"r‹Û!Ž’2lÆaûCŠb´ËU|‡»¢Ÿ!8^î›”8á>¾Ü £Ò,Aô›‰Ð±„VítàˆÆ׎…~lsàìÚ14Àç_=,ɬ·µožTV ÛGÚï"ÜѦÛæbHßþž»…'ñ.4ŸßxÞµÜw-×ûÏ·ÜEõ|ÒF;ëÐvõÜ`‡b3"G'äe¬§¦Œ\•fH–°O»°¨éÌñä'¦$„¯i_wpÀ† ®>¢*ì…8»êi&LY%\ÂÁÎ,—òÖxÒ•=ÖõÁö‰ÕÚ彜r6f· Ìá3´¢œTØÊ…”)˜ý:ªZ©K«ÕL«s¤å&CçMƒÅÜ›0€ [ÀË«p@×¢á`‚j¿Û½7‹‰ÂY†H†xHÒi»çcT5AÊrÅÜ@î”ÄHòŽñZAZC³}i' RQ\m¸,zo¥,ƒgQÒu{¤Y\,N£ƒ¦×¨/×=äã¤éàL_£¢.õ̇Y7C¾6í-fSå³h62ÃÜ"¨Â5…õûœÁNH„T[X†65Ì«4X¬%Yý—ëàÖ³2Àfúkh±²Éð¯i~tCKF#â«b°+Úwö1m¥|¢ˆè…Ã4`±‡!ü:UÁž!•p5a:‚~€{4ímóÊmÎiÑo¯Î®c–„8m·ºD³J¶pSÇ¹æ© ØVª»1îô¦˜’?#SŠiü?3Eï'pS°2ÔðáW`¤ëµéq¡B]( ©ß08˜ÞÙw±ð’
n“ÍAöõ[s–‡)k8ð©= Aa?R¡ dڒɾc˜Uӽ˲d)#“QuebÕ}Âúº®ê½ÝC!¤ºé&i0¸£ùç>§4ôS¬7§‡ä{¯zò±ÅF¹}Ø4™ÿsKvUKoȳ½·hˆ~1³jYU€°ÂVÐHËþ5U8åVk;ÖœÅËõL9ˆâ¼Å°˜D Ü÷ ýö?*|FLë
µÏ÷ ·"ø¡A3ƒ´¬>g¤¤]Ààdm2iVÖµé褽–mÖg<éær8[kv’xŸÒÙùpæŠsjñ,zØñµ][èjˆìÑ…¥Qv11¿iuâƒÛè-¸ßŸ0%M2ÁoJÃèÙ3uÅo%Ò¿ÿÿPK!
ÑŸ¶'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.rels„M
Â0„÷‚wooÓº‘&݈ÐÔ„ä5
6?$Qìí
®,.‡a¾™i»—Éc2Þ1hª:é•qšÁm¸ìŽ@RN‰Ù;d°`‚Žo7íg‘K(M&$R(.1˜r'J“œÐŠTù€®8£Vä"£¦AÈ»ÐH÷u} ñ›|Å$½b{Õ–Pšÿ³ý8‰g/]þQAsÙ…(¢ÆÌà#›ªLÊ[ººÄßÿÿPK-!‚Š¼ú[Content_Types].xmlPK-!¥Ö§çÀ6+_rels/.relsPK-!ky–ƒŠtheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!ÇmœQÑtheme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-!
ÑŸ¶'¡ theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK]œ
[-Tÿÿÿÿ Vî
¤¤#â(Œ1L:N "#$%(L:N!)ð@ð @ñÿÿÿ€€€÷ðH ðð0ð( ð
ðð’ðð0ð( ð
ððB
ðSð¿Ëÿ ?ðÕÞàèáâöKRSZÜ
á
²¸ÄËÓÜ®³´·ÃÉ|Ýâ~ ‘ _!r!E$X$ ))))) )$)+)-)4)8)<)>,C,M-O-P-R-S-U-V-X-\-*4âëæ!ô!M-O-P-R-S-U-V-X-\-333)L>,F,M-O-P-R-S-U-V-X-\-)02:;=DHILLVÂËðùŸ ªâããì * Q [ { | | † ëíí÷AKgršœœ¦
/:577A¤®Ýè$¤®ÊËËÕ799C´¾ãîp$r$r$|$»$Å$æ$ñ$€(‚(‚((ÿ( )=)H)<,C,D,F,F,Q,,·,Ä,Ï,K-\-Ú„q04e’†n[G],-¾oÃņØð`<|ö÷O";0RI1%†RrSui‹¢WÂI†={uò,†½N Uz*¢mù ˜r=°Ç-9hÅs»–eme†.~ñþ
{R†v¬4†1L2Q —"†iAHA†åoG>ÝU†ß`å1_%V“ÇNH{†÷qÃìUû3†d]-©Z:KKKKn;„q0†<«?*7Õ:Aú¥^Bå ƒl{ œ2HÊ(û#!©qŸ÷m4-cqRrS˜4>¾P]üsaO-Â?†ýYnÏb~i‹(˜ì)ibôô>!]È.†`
RV:g&>!†Þ}N!ÔL†Ñ2Ë"â0R†Å\€|†MD-%;åblrBR]“a
6Ji¢ ÃávjÖ`†[JO 5J90†RY ø:[Æ
k 3q-r†jx ð#‡ 8I˜ Tpæ kÖ|†2~—
Óáy† kñ
?I‚†µ *«?=†¬#??*@£4leÚdw"
†¯šZûgÍKDÑ2Ë^Eõ-H—x€wÈôT„bS &½xË-Z“yðßwöIÖ>†:-þŠu
KKKKdw"
qîX†-h‚
K^R®
¶^‹VxBÄ
ƒ=#†®zQ/y¯pur †Ž²®
†Ó
‘'FfÆx-ZùdÄy‹(˜û)Fk{Z†fV¼Ü-é!ñºp—'ºE†¬4Ô!~Qœ2H`ô?I‚‡be†˜@œÂFK-<"ŸˆlÝqÒu®Ëy/†x{øš]^ž~76=&†Ÿ³Í`
[¢ ëRH&<Ñ^êØOC!†ùd{Õ/Ì"ïªþ[ëµhÜ2†™dª‰¥t†€wÈ8I˜ (fÜtl(†‚þÈ}¸t¶a9û~ð8—Ú7l±†4ö";ûg)n†Ép7v}gÓXd|•š&žH‰w¯Aâgb÷uáD\*í)#Jb”LåD†
)rÞ}†—W•GL$L†rÁQHœ+VÝò„/xCz.›^M~;¦|p%€FZPS7l±pS°#†¬±<>)†¢Sóávj†¥h5h 5†+a«l[µx• xCz‡be˜yFdxLÒy†ÈRAj>´nécR%V“†h¥a9Åó !`†ª}<œqõ}Q =¬7y]‚óRŽ-†É.¾zfÖ7¡½
ôeo[KH,~†HmPM~†MgÉ=Õj†Ö>m©?[%†'w…Jo8‡Lòy2\gQwez+™¾P]74™`A®émÞ!†|zè©Z:½*úÇB!†g;cq‘QQ£HûNK^R+a¥X„T
aNŠGAP†y8”½xˆÿS¹ãdëŽÏz†¸J„VZq†êT\
~†ÜaV'Po†_m4áiÅwÁÃTkPBÇ`
RQ1èýYn†pur Äp}†Àá ureP†&>!¬Z[FxX)!ÇB!x{øEC!©T‹K†ØOC!±vÚ>b(P!ä+]!é3îl„!NRÝQémÞ!ØJ#†g-í!òf³dÃ=ô![5ªn ,ÂÊ[z"·U&z†6'"´ZY†Q —"jI _†™m³"ä+]!Ý&»"û)†Õ/Ì"|zès\ÿ"=VÑG†§~#ã)9~†ŽK#»è+†I3#¬#?ƒ=#øi\;ØJ#p%€sHˆ#Áí†2K‹#¦|#RY †pS°#PBÇ¢9õ#üsa†D $É°yJ!4$â`„%†qG$÷EP$ÿ"e<�@VŒ$:*$þ[ë†p½$¢]'†©?[%3eá?Z]%â`„%vd†I1%¥lYK-,ª%Ò,½=†lÍ%ÐzÜ@ÓXñ%Ü!0†E&pOQÐbS &Øb*&Tâ(6=&'w«RH&2\¤qP&nYvC†tˆ&݉&¢]'÷EP$†Ä'}'tWˆ'~d:(éR·'ñkL†í>ß'×5ÛLß'”tAz†ÂW(R‰@†~d:(ã_(iT~tl(ëx¹,†dM´(úTâ(ÉpIê(Óé]†a#ù(Áj¹`†<>)^E†çW)!,©f†›gÀ)˜Ø)lÍ%†í)MQ{Œ"*Ú^ói†²LE*^lÍXÑNE*N9†È^Ñ*›:8T†ª[?+‚v+Œýo†(S…+QHœ+Î`»+q¥f»è+{pˆ¢C,@½I†ñ#,¡Dq[mK,+@p‘qb,ˆd&dèŸ,Ö>m†ëx¹,¯×Cã,{uò,˜@œQ>,-÷m4-rtÌHÂFK-óRŽ-œJëN†2@—-çgGc†Åš-X*ˆy†¼Ü->o.-Dt†îtÂ.¦–z]È.¥X„†<}7/d|•†Ëy/dS}†ò„/: o=tjÝ/0ÞU0{zúOÜ!0ÈRAN+0gY|†5J90Ï$Œ}†;1š0ô©EFw2
þZ†>2"OÊM29!"e¼W°2¯f\µhÜ2NÜ~øw×3ui‹†+æ3DjìUû3ÅóX@£4‡;¿4åd5†ºpÇ4@L†5h 5‡^B^†
-A5¦PV5åd5tWˆ'×5ÎÂ5MD-†BÌ5IìD†ÇVï5
-A5“a
6”`dñ#6ghCH†81„6‰&7͇6ça†r!Ÿ6Q1膦@é6Xxî6)1:t‰&7˜XÐ\£~74\ƒ7bD9T=rÞ7€´Gr
F8c©]†…Jo8û~ð8ïªó8šÔB†N9?OiêQß9¯A:ÐKx_†s›:KKKKîgÝ:›gÀ)ð ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÎ3ù:±!‹q÷O";¬4MJJO;øi\;Ù%§|c;÷qÆvIu;ªRUÆ;ž~7†[UïU¼`fR>í>ß'IÖ>R]†±vÚ>lrBØMT?<#iq!{’?P[5=†TFž?tˆ&Ÿ?½*ú†O-Â?ØMT?‘Sá?
U|3eá?½-X{É8ç?½@}Ć*.}@˜Ø)†Ï-‡@ºT¥`†R‰@g†ÐzÜ@Z]%HAg;†:Añs6Ay8”†DOAhu†(µA²LE*†&EÎANa†½.ÔANŠ†‘a†$,&D]”LåD|1ïq†IìDbl#gå>E½\†ô©EZÕvûn¸E‚v+†—'ºEí#öc†hFs™]†=bDF¦^^n†¬Z[F“yðÐ’FÊ"…o+w~G¼ L`ó#—Gº{9=€´G=VÑG’oÈt†{s
Hõ-H¦PV5p@HåoG†ghCH'\L†š&žH½tŒe¥HoaQÔ!~Q…ÁY#%Q@gKU†NRÝQÞQîìQqG$Ú|ïQYZ¶oªR)b;R«,¦q†š0hR‡L†ßZwRþ
{R;1š0†±y{RìiŽRÀá †(UõRÞ$AtxcSº#Sw/Ê=FZPS8TS)b;R†ÏTSó#—G3%€SÀ{«S‡;¿4†Üg/T˜4>›:8Tµgn†bD9T]z[TÎ ²mƒ¢TD $þ`ÂTÿS¹ï,!UÏrdi†@gKUÞU0
g€U‚þ³UxcS>ÝUC;ŒrXYYVáD¶^‹V4öOÊV©J$WûWl!ùWûWÅ6…XÊM2:3œXàq•Y†Õ¬XÎ3ù:†±OµXº#S^lÍX\<ðjgÓXQ>,- qîXª}<ÅóX_/,J´ZYƒ¢T†ã`-Y<MYv†àq•Yv^mC†…ÁY<Z…&xFk{ZÍKD
þZHp†Ì[Üenxø:[†=ö^Í`
[Œ0’[(>Y†¯f\Í?\Iê(†½\úMö˜XÐ\~Ðf<1/Õ\Ås»†#5@]¬7y]Â>aQs™]Øð†c©]Hv¿I†Óé]vIu;š]^ph$^‡^B^ß`.›^†=ö^å1_ÐKx_¶a9†jI _l{ ó !`‘qb,†¼ L`èY`å ƒºT¥`”=Ö}Áj¹`‘QQ†ïU¼`§>Ö`_m†T
a݉&Na[mK,†9a€‘q†˜…aÎÂ5†˜>‘asq¥y†3jÕaßZwRçaôT„3b@Ïz†ì)ibõU~b1µH†øU b§~#†å>©b%;åb@VŒ$Åçb0MËL03cD.£BçgGcg-í!†va€cÑ^ꆅÑc(µA†UÝcš0hR†í#öc©J$Wvd0q|”`dˆd&d›@ÒMòf³d,-¾Znüd¦|#†9!"e2K‹#¦g+eª/eµ *^EeŽ²†æL\eå>E†–eme¥HgQweŠu
½tŒeduŒeFd†ú&fJiƒ,\f<}7/†¾zfs{Tq¥f3%€S!,©fqx{ÒSËf~ÐfXxî6ŠaÙf6Ýf<Z†bl#g¥^BLkQgäJ9r†g8|k=šZûgÇ-9hšK?OiÔuß<�MeBiÏrdiØb*&†Ïb~i±y{R4áiã`-YÚ^óiX–u†NFüi£~7DjtjÝ/v,…jÉ8ç?w¿jþ`ÂTÉ=Õjˆ4¶q\<ðjædkgÃTkZl!{’?†klV:g†é3îl<|ö<IeùlJ+Lê^(mˆšK†ô.‘mz*¢mAâÎ ²mÚHnèY`µgn„!ûg)nfR>†¦^^nV݆,mnºk[5ªnRlvˆ–ÌÌÌj>´nh#ÛngV'Po½
ô†Ê"…oÄ"™o6GP†eoh¥¶.´orÁYZ¶oRlvšv½oMg†Œýo]z[THpTFž?(Ap(S…++@pª[?+bEp=rÞ7Sp¹C½p¤qP&†¡Dq„VZq• †<#iq±!‹qù ˜€‘qQ =†«,¦qÅwÁ#!©q{s
Hˆ4¶qŠaÙfˆlÝq|1ïq6SŽ~Rðq3q-rIeùl†äJ9r+æ3†C;Œrn[G° ùrÏ-‡@†y0®sb(P!öês{fM-DtÄy†)1:to
ývÞ$AtÅ6…Xð 0w?0w?0w?0w?ä.¢tª/e‰¥t(ApÈ}¸t’oÈt³U2…&xph$^Üenx[µx,mnfÆx&xn
þxï0¨<�†=.y6Ýf†Ö+OyrgOX*ˆy‹xÓu†˜yd]-sq¥y7ÕÉ°yxLÒyîtÂ.Óáy];yw†òy‰w¯·U&zé*N{†”tAzr=°†WhKzjx ‡.TzJi¦–z@Ïz¶.´o†ŽÏz¸`ÈO†%þz³qöwv{ÇNH{$,&Dé*N{‘Sá?MQ{
HR{͇6†jbS{½-X{qx{¦@é6mð{™dª†0q|ì~èvgY|öês†
U|[|çW)†\€|+w~G;¦|¦g+ekÖ|ä.¢t†y>Ø|BÌ5†dS}XYYVÄp}§R>Ï$Œ}dM´(ßMš}J<¿v†”=Ö}jbS{œqõ}\
~ô=†H,~03c†rZ*~îgÝ:ã)9~WhKziT~¹;¸~j{Á~0¡N†NÜ~L s{TŸ<(>Y\*†4e’z+™jª{pË4\ƒ7“Ï(kàI†Áí—x†úMöjª¨å§…[w°@X2 Rñ Ép
j^òNÿ_atißwb^Ʊ.h j<ShªTO>sr#ßl$ƒ}&‘m'»m(»)%j,ÐP.ÙI/†Z2'4t4.6ô6CJ8Ë9Äe=K&>E!@JJ@r7AíECïnD·uDVF0I4TJÇKUL%MaNMKXGYãPYÂ^rO_5a„7aHc
2eµQf)gjMiÓckalTHlLmnnm}Oná3q[rÐps0@uI1vywicy‚X}®;/€Wt„mwˆº=‰Ê=‰Ò`ŒjŒNJ)|ŽÑ9‘l’.~’v–=H›âJœÐ~œdUõ Ÿ=IŸFjŸToŸ4 ðM þ2¤)w¤…i¥Lz¥—L¦¨£c¨7«U<¬[¬óT°·r°€±ì±÷´õ^¶v¶Ñ\ºA¼vI¼|W½r¾´¿ðÃ$?Ão8È¢
ɽ!Ês/ÊÂÍà8Î*Ъ-Ñå_Ñ$-ÓÿfÖ><ÙÒrÛòCà7"ãÝåóSå?5æÉçÌ"èGlèbJéhëÖ-ì¢í
îÄ"îwñPó2øÔù—Yù û“Eü`-ý|ÿM-O-ÿ@4>,[-X@XX@XLÿÿUnknownÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿG‡* €ÿTimes New Roman5€Symbol3.‡* €ÿArial7.‡ ŸVerdana;†‹[SOSimSunAï ë BŸCambria Math qˆ¤h;"ÛfMr\‡„f‹&R‹&R!-!),.:;?]}¨·ÇÉ & 6"0000 00
00000ÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿ=ÿ@ÿ\ÿ]ÿ^ÿàÿ([{· 0
000000ÿÿ;ÿ[ÿáÿåÿ ´œ‚€26-6- 3ƒQüýHXðÿ?¨ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÌ"è2!xx ÿÿuseruserþÿà…ŸòùOh«‘+'³Ù0Xˆœ¨¸ÄØ èô
,8@HP¨userNormal.dotmuser132Microsoft Office Word@ä2@¢yþé\Ê@ö¶®xtÓ‹&þÿÕÍÕœ.“—+,ù®0´
X`t|„Œ”œ¤¬¨MicrosoftR6-
!"#$%&'()*þÿÿÿ,-./0123456789:;<�=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTþÿÿÿVWXYZ[\þÿÿÿ^_`abcdþÿÿÿýÿÿÿgþÿÿÿþÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿRoot Entryÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÀFðÏܹxtÓi€1Tableÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ+ŽSWordDocumentÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ2TSummaryInformation(ÿÿÿÿUDocumentSummaryInformation8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ]CompObjÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿuÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿþÿ
ÿÿÿÿ ÀF#Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 Îĵµ
MSWordDocWord.Document.8ô9²q