ÐÏࡱá>þÿ þÿÿÿ‹Œÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥ÁU ðR¿bjbjënën2Œ‰éa‰éa#: ÿÿÿÿÿÿ·""­­­­­ÿÿÿÿÁÁÁ8ùtmÁ&Sl‰‰‰‰‰½½½ÙQÛQÛQÛQÛQÛQÛQ$’T¶HWFÿQá­½½½½½ÿQ­­‰‰4àRûûû½â­‰­‰ÙQû½ÙQûûû‰ÿÿÿÿàgZ‘fÔÿÿÿÿŸ(ûÅQöR0&SûŽWÇRæWûû2ŽW4ÂW$­OĽ½û½½½½½ÿQÿQâ½½½&S½½½½ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿæW½½½½½½½½½"Q s: Public Administration Volume 96, Issue 3, September 2018 1. Title: Connecting governance and the front lines: How work pressure and autonomy matter for coping in different performance regimes Authors: Nina Mari van Loon; Mads Leth Jakobsen. Abstract: How frontline employees cope with perceived work pressure may be of direct influence on policy outcomes. This study contributes to the street level bureaucracy literature in several ways. First, we study both passive client oriented and active system oriented coping. Second, we analyse how these coping behaviours relate to work pressure and work autonomy. Finally, this article analyses whether these relationships are conditioned by the performance regime. Using a unique set up of hospital employees (n = 979) working in external and internal performance regimes, we find a higher level of system oriented active coping than client oriented passive coping. Moreover, we find that autonomy matters for system oriented coping and work pressure for client oriented coping, and that these relationships are context dependent. 2. Title: A street level perspective on government transparency and regulatory performance: Does relational distance matter? Authors: Noortje de Boer; Jasper Eshuis. Abstract: This study investigates the extent to which inspectors perceive government transparency as impacting regulatory performance. It theorizes that when inspectors perceive an increase in transparency, they find that the perceived relational distance between themselves and their inspectees rises and this, subsequently, increases regulatory performance. The findings from a survey among Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority inspectors (n = 466) confirm that inspectors view an increase in transparency as enhancing regulatory performance. This study further investigates this mechanism by comparing two divisions with different levels of factual relational distance (i.e., frequency of inspector–inspectee interactions). The findings reveal that only in the division with small factual relational distance does perceived relational distance mediate the effect of transparency on regulatory performance. More specifically, in divisions with small factual relational distance, more perceived transparency increases perceived relational distance; this in turn, increases perceived regulatory performance. 3. Title: Biased, not blind: An experimental test of self serving biases in service users evaluations of performance information Authors: Julian Christensen Abstract: Based on literature about motivated reasoning, this article proposes that choosing a public service provider from among competing options may bias service users in a positive direction when evaluating the performance of their chosen provider. Users are expected to defend their choice through processes of goal reprioritization, meaning that they will alter the weight they assign to given pieces of information depending on the (in)convenience of that information. This article uses nine experimental studies to test this expectation on students who had recently chosen to study at one university instead of competing universities. As expected, findings show signs of biases in students’ evaluations, but the biases are small and not consistently significant. Thus, prior research may have been too pessimistic regarding the general potential of performance information in the public sector. 4. Title: Citizen participation and the redistribution of public goods Authors: Sounman Hong; B. Shine Cho. Abstract: This study investigates whether citizen participation in public budgeting resulted in increased redistributive outcomes when compared with bureaucratic decision making. We focused on a specific budget item (i.e., the installation of surveillance cameras for crime prevention) and examined whether participatory budgeting yielded larger budget allocations to low income neighbourhoods. Results indicate that such participatory budgeting results in larger budget allocations for low income neighbourhoods when compared with allocations produced by bureaucratic budgeting practices. The results also indicate that budgets allocated through citizen participation may be no more or even less effective for advancing public goals. These findings suggest a potential trade off between equity and public service effectiveness. Citizen participation improves budget equity, but may be less effective for achieving public goals than bureaucratic decision making. To explain this, we offer the  social pressure hypothesis , which posits that social pressure during public forum discussions can influence participating citizens to make redistributive decisions. 5. Title: Beyond deterrent enforcement styles: Behavioural intuitions of Chinese environmental law enforcement agents in a context of challenging inspections Authors: Ning Liu; Benjamin Van Rooij; Carlos Wing Hung Lo. Abstract: This article extends the study of regulatory enforcement on three levels. First, it separates enforcement style elements during inspections and sanction decision making work, creating a more realistic measurement. Second, it focuses on how these elements function in a context where it is hard in practice to achieve deterrence. Third, it assesses how agents view the effectiveness of combinations of style elements in such a context. To do so, it uses survey and interview data with street level environmental officials in Guangzhou, China. It finds that the agents studied practise enforcement that goes beyond deterrence and uses education and persuasion more effectively. It finds that the behavioural assumptions of these agents are to a large extent in line with the available regulatory literature, although agents are very unlikely to have consulted such studies. Therefore, the article concludes that law enforcement agents can develop nuanced and appropriate behavioural intuitions through their everyday work experiences. 6. Title: Management strategies in response to an institutional crisis: The case of earthquakes in the Netherlands Authors: Arjen Schmidt; Kees Boersma; Peter Groenewegen. Abstract: When a policy sector is confronted with a relatively strong and steep decline in legitimacy, we speak of an institutional crisis. We know little about the causes or consequences of these crises. This article explores how institutional crises are managed. It focuses on the effects of management strategies observed in a case study of an institutional crisis in the Netherlands. While we found that policy elites displayed a tendency to maintain the status quo of a policy sector, we also found that the effectiveness of their response strategies was negated by the counter response it evoked among freshly energized interest, advocacy and citizen groups. We conclude that the resolution of an institutional crisis is inherently contested. Based on our case study, we develop a theoretical model and formulate propositions that may help to improve our understanding of institutional crisis management. 7. Title: Rethinking the ‘open functional’ approach: Ideas, problem pressure and reform in the contemporary welfare state Authors: Adam Hannah Abstract: Recognition that welfare states continue to change has fostered debate about the relationship between ideas and policy problems in driving governments towards reform. To move the debate forward, this article proposes a modification of Barbara Vis and Kees van Kersbergen's ‘open functional approach’. It first argues that while policy problems may provide ‘functional pressure’ to reform, this pressure is significant only in so far as inaction would risk electoral punishment. Reform pressure is hence best evaluated with reference to contemporaneous expert advice, public opinion data and the timing of elite and media attention. Second, it suggests that ideas may also lead parties to act as reform seekers, using policy problems as justification for cherished solutions or long held programmatic goals. The modified approach is demonstrated through comparative application to two case studies, attempts at pension reform in Sweden and the United States. 8. Title: Legal independence vs. leaders' reputation: Exploring drivers of ethics commissions' conduct in new democracies Authors: Slobodan Tomic Abstract: The article addresses the emerging debate in delegation scholarship over the role of legal independence vs. reputational activism of agency leaders, in shaping de facto independence. The study explores a transitional context, analysing the enforcement styles of Serbian and Macedonian ethics commissions. Through a qualitative analysis of the commissions' enforcement styles, and a quantitative analysis of their rhetorical patterns, the article finds that the commissions' de facto independence was not a function of their legal independence but rather of the reputational craft of their leaders. In new democracies, the role of structural agency insulation is minimized both in containing as well as in fostering de facto independence: informal networks, on the one hand, provide non institutional routes for principals to undermine agencies' de facto independence; external conditionality and increased policy salience, on the other hand, provide reputational opportunities for agency leaders to overcome low legal independence. 9. Title: Putting power into practice: Administrative and political capacity building in the European Parliament's Committee for International Trade Authors: Evelyn Coremans; Katharina Luise Meissner. Abstract: As the formal powers of the European Parliament have increased with successive treaty changes, its committees' administrations have seen a parallel growth. We argue that such administrative capacity is necessary but not sufficient for acting on formal treaty powers. Administrative capacity has to be combined with political capacity in order to muster policy impact in European Union decision making. By differentiating between intra institutional administrative and inter institutional political capacity, we offer a fine grained conceptualization of policy capacity while broadening the th'(*+36789:<EÁíÜʻʻʻª›Šye]PB4h·h·5OJQJ^JhÌ"èhU<¬5OJQJ^Jh·uD5OJQJ^Jo(h·hÌ"èo(&hÌ"èhÌ"è5CJOJQJ^JaJo( h;I85CJOJQJ^JaJo( hUL5CJOJQJ^JaJo(h 2e5CJOJQJ^JaJ h·5CJOJQJ^JaJo(h·5CJOJQJ^JaJ#hÌ"èhÌ"è5CJOJQJ^JaJ h$-Ó5CJOJQJ^JaJo(#h·h·5CJOJQJ^JaJ9:;Âónpj¼ˆŠŽÆjk²×¾$À$ü%t&M-÷÷òíííèãÞÞÞãÙÙÙãÔÔÔÏÊÊÏgdÐpsgd)w¤gd$?ÃgdToŸgdßl$gd%j,gd·gdU<¬gdÌ"è$a$gdt4ÁÂÊËÝÞñòóüýnprv‚„hjz|šœ¸º¼ÎóåÚÌ¿Ì´§å™‹€såesUEesÌ´Ì´EehvI¼hßl$5OJQJ^Jo(h·h·5OJQJ^Jo(hßl$hßl$5OJQJ^Jhßl$5OJQJ^Jo(hjŒ5OJQJo(h·h·OJQJ^Jo(hihjŒOJQJ^Jo(ht45OJQJ^Jo(h·5OJQJ^Jh·5OJQJ^Jo(h·h·5OJQJ^Jhicy5OJQJ^JhÌ"èhU<¬5OJQJ^JhjŒ5OJQJ^Jo(ÎІˆŠŒŽœž<@ŒŽž ÄÆØÚijkñäÖ˾°©›¾‹€‹p›¾bp›TäGËhihaNOJQJ^Jh» )hToŸOJQJ^Jo(h·h·5OJQJ^JhvI¼hToŸ5OJQJ^Jo(h&X‚5OJQJ^Jh·h·5OJQJ^Jo(hToŸhToŸ5OJQJ^J hToŸhToŸhÌ"èhÒ`Œ5OJQJ^JhToŸ5OJQJ^Jo(h%j,5OJQJo(hihU<¬OJQJ^Jo(h·h·OJQJ^Jhihßl$OJQJ^Jo(klntu±²º»ÇÈÕÖ×àá¼$¾$À$Â$Æ$Ò$Ô$ú%óå×ʼ¬×ʼ¡¼¡¬×“…wl_QC_¼hÐpshÐps5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JhÐps5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h%j,OJQJ^Jo(h·h·OJQJ^Jo(h» )h$?ÃOJQJ^Jo(h·5OJQJ^JhvI¼h$?Ã5OJQJ^Jo(h·h·5OJQJ^Jh$?Ã5OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh$?Ã5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh%j,5OJQJ^Jhs/Ê5OJQJ^Jo(ú%ü% &&& &F&H&p&r&t&†&ˆ&ˆ*L-M-N-O-Q-W-ñãÖƻƻƻ«tf[N@2hr7Ahr7A5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^Jhr7A5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h·h·OJQJ^Jh·h·OJQJ^Jo(h}Onh)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h·5OJQJ^Jh·h·5OJQJ^Jo(hÐps5OJQJ^Jo(hÐpshÐps5OJQJ^JhvI¼hÐps5OJQJ^JM-N-Á-ú-‰2Š233Â7Ä7\8t8> >ž>Ò>¾^À^f_È_`hbhiHizq|qúõõúúððúúëëúúææúúááúúÜÜúúgdóSågdÿ_gdLz¥gd)ggd|ÿgdr7Agd)w¤W-X-À-Á-É-Ê-×-Ø-å-æ-ø-ù-ú-..02ˆ2‰2Š2‹2óå×É»å°å°å° ’„wiw[PCh|ÿ5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h·h·OJQJ^Jo(h·h·OJQJ^Jh}Onh)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h·5OJQJ^JhvI¼hvI¼5OJQJ^Jhr7Ahr7A5OJQJ^JhvI¼hr7A5OJQJ^Jh·h·5OJQJ^Jhr7A5OJQJ^Jo(‹22“2”233 333"3#3F6À7Â7Ä7Æ7Ê7Ö7Ø7[8ñãÖȺãȪœŽseZMñ?MÈh)gh)g5OJQJ^Jh)g5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h·h·OJQJ^Jo(h·h·OJQJ^Jh}Onh)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(hvI¼h|ÿ5OJQJ^Jh·h·5OJQJ^Jh|ÿ5OJQJ^Jo(h|ÿh|ÿ5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^J[8\8d8e8s8t8}8~8<�>>> > > >>>>ñãÖȸªœsh[M?2ÈhLz¥5OJQJ^Jo(hLz¥hLz¥5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JhR5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h·h·OJQJ^Jo(h·h·OJQJ^Jhih)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h·h·5OJQJ^Jh)g5OJQJ^Jo(h)gh)g5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)g5OJQJ^J>ž>§>¶>·>Ð>Ñ>Ò>Û>Ü>Ü?XBZ¼^¾^À^Ä^È^Ô^Ö^ñãÕÊÕʺ¬ž‘ƒƒsh[M?2hÿ_5OJQJ^Jo(hÿ_hÿ_5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JhR5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(Uh·h·OJQJ^Jo(h·h·OJQJ^Jhih)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h·5OJQJ^Jh·h·5OJQJ^JhLz¥hLz¥5OJQJ^JhvI¼hLz¥5OJQJ^Jeoretical and empirical understanding of the European Parliament's administration as an organizational structure of formal and informal working practices, intra institutional coordination and inter institutional relations. Based on expert interviews, document analysis and participant observation, the case of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership illustrates how societal politicization of a specific policy issue triggered the European Parliament to exploit the latent potential of its post Lisbon administrative capacity by transforming it into a more readily deployable political capacity. 10. Title: Macro economic coordination and elusive ownership in the European Union Authors: Pierre Vanheuverzwijn; Amandine Crespy. Abstract: The notion of ownership is well known in relation to global governance. In the realm of EU macro economic coordination, it has become a buzzword since the revamping process of the European Semester in 2015. This article investigates how ownership by four types of domestic actors (governments, administrations, parliaments and social partners) manifests itself in the European Semester. We conceptualize three types of ownership, namely institutional, political, and cognitive. Using network analysis, semi structured interviews, and a small scale survey, we find that ownership is strongest among governments and administrations which are able to shape the outputs of the European Semester (institutional ownership) with little political disagreement (political ownership). While national parliaments display low levels of all types of ownership, employers and unions exhibit relatively strong cognitive ownership. We conclude that the European Semester remains a bureaucratic process contributing to building a multi level administrative space rather than an arena for political debates. 11. Title: Flexible framing: Analysing innovative austerity talk from a cultural perspective Authors: Tom Overmans Abstract: This article examines how local policy elites conceptualize and communicate potential innovations to overcome the fiscal crisis. Four austerity frames based on cultural theory are developed: an individualist, hierarchist, egalitarian and fatalist frame. Two expectations are tested by tracing frame usage in austerity speeches by the leadership in Birmingham, Cologne and Rotterdam. First, the modest contribution of the individualist frame in NPM sceptic Cologne is confirmed, but no evidence is found of individualist dominance in NPM minded Birmingham. Second, it is shown that leaders in Birmingham and Rotterdam combine elements of multiple frames so as to create a new promising narrative which opens up routes towards innovation. The importance of  frame flexibility is stressed to deal with the complexities of coping with the fiscal crisis in ways that are logical (given available views) and innovative (exploring alternative views), and highlight the importance of further developing understandings of such (municipal) coping. 12. Title: Two steps forward, one step back: Renewable energy transitions in Bulgaria and Romania Authors: Simona Davidescu; Ralitsa Hiteva; Tomas Maltby. Abstract: This article examines renewable energy policy in Bulgaria and Romania (2007 17) and the reasons behind the unexpected rapid growth in renewables followed by a policy reversal. While we find strong formal compliance with EU legislation regarding targets for renewable energy, an examination of institutional change and policy dismantling in both countries finds that this was not supported by a paradigmatic policy change or a transformation of the energy system. Veto players worked to dismantle renewable energy policy once targets were reached. We use insights from the intersection of socio technical systems and historical institutionalist literatures to explain policy dismantling in the energy sector. In doing so, we develop a socio technical account of renewable policy in Romania and Bulgaria. We show that this is related to the historically conditioned, path dependent processes of institutional change, where energy materiality shapes the parameters of political possibility and the costs of policy implementation. åN N/ffNÄ‹: 13. Title: Organizing Leviathan: Politicians, bureaucrats, and the making of good government Authors: Tobias Bach Abstract: The article reviews the book  Organizing Leviathan: Politicians, bureaucrats, and the making of good government, by Carl Dahlström Victor Lapuente. 14. Title: The European Court of Justice and the policy process: The shadow of case law Authors: Lisa Conant Abstract: The article reviews the book  The European Court of Justice and the policy process: The shadow of case law, by Susanne Schmidt.     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